EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN TOEFL And TOEIC
TOEFL
TOEFL stands for Test
of Home as a Foreign Language. This is a test of English as a foreign language.
These tests test the ability of a person to the extent to which mastery of
English that includes the ability: Listening Comprehension (Comprehension in listening),
Structure and Written Exxpression (Structure and expression in writing relating
to the Home Grammar or Grammar English (Reading Comprehension (Reading
Comprehension), and Writing (Writing).
The Test of English as
a Foreign Language, or TOEFL (pronounced /ˈtoʊfəl/ TOH-fəl), evaluates the
ability of an individual to use and understand English in an academic setting.
It sometimes is an admission requirement for non-native English speakers at
many English-speaking colleges and universities. Additionally, institutions
such as government agencies, licensing bodies, businesses, or scholarship
programs may require this test. A TOEFL score is valid for two years and then
will no longer be officially reported[1] since a candidate's language
proficiency could have significantly changed since the date of the
test.[citation needed] Colleges and universities usually consider only the most
recent TOEFL score.
The TOEFL test is a
registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS) and is administered
worldwide. The test was first administered in 1964 and has since been taken by
more than 23 million students. The test was originally developed at the Center
for Applied Linguistics under the direction of Stanford University applied
linguistics professor Dr. Charles A. Ferguson.[2]
Policies governing the
TOEFL program are formulated with advice from a 16-member board. Board members
are affiliated with undergraduate and graduate schools, 2-year institutions and
public or private agencies with an interest in international education. Other
members are specialists in the field of English as a foreign or second
language.
The TOEFL Committee of
Examiners is composed of 12 specialists in linguistics, language testing,
teaching or research. Its main responsibility is to advise on TOEFL test
content. The committee helps ensure the test is a valid measure of English
language proficiency reflecting current trends and methodologies.
1. The ability of any
tested in TOEFL test?
There are three parts
of the TOEFL test to be done by test participants. The first part is the
questions that measure the ability of Listening Comprehension in the number of
50 questions, Structure & Written Expression, 40 questions, and Reading
Comprehension, 50 questions. The entire matter was made in the form of multiple
choice (except for the Computer Based TOEFL test is a matter of the essay
writing ability of participants in English and other variations to match the
form of questions such as, to highlight certain words in connection with the
main idea of a reading, etc..). The entire test takes place in time
approximately 150 minutes, for the Paper and Pencil Based TOEFL, and
approximately 240 minutes for the Computer Based TOEFL. A relatively long time
for the Computer Based TOEFL tutorials are included procedures.
1. How many kinds of
TOEFL test?
There are two types of
TOEFL tests, namely 1) Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL, and 2) Computer-Based
TOEFL. Type the first TOEFL test is the TOEFL test that we know so far, where
both questions and answers done by using paper and pencil. While the second
type of TOEFL test is a relatively new test model because it was first
introduced in 1998. As stated in its name, this test uses a computer in the
delivery of and participant test because these tests also will answer via the
computer.
1. In addition to the
above two types of tests, whether there are other types of TOEFL test?
For the purposes of
pre-selection or internal use of an institution, then the ETS as a developer
and provider agency also conducts TOEFL TOEFL ITP (ITP = Institutional Testing
Programme). The number of questions and level of difficulty did not differ with
ITP TOEFL Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL and the Computer Based TOEFL, because
the questions used in the TOEFL ITP TOEFL test is a matter that has been used
before. Differences need to know by those who plan to follow the TOEFL test is
that the score obtained from the TOEFL ITP in its use is limited. Universities
and colleges in America, for example, will only accept scores from the TOEFL
Paper and Pencil-Based or Computer Based TOEFL. Another difference is in terms
of test cost. Currently, the cost of Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL and the
Computer Based TOEFL is U.S. $ 110, while the TOEFL ITP is relatively cheaper
cost of U.S. $ 25. There should also note that the Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL
and the Computer Based TOEFL Test Center is only held in particular with the
schedule of tests that have been determined in advance, while the TOEFL ITP
implementation is more flexible schedule and in Indonesia is conducted by the
IIEF (The Indonesian International Education Foundation) with coordinate with
the central language in public universities.
In addition to TOEFL
ITP, there is also a TOEFL Prediction / Equivalent Test that is usually used to
estimate the TOEFL score before the relevant person take another TOEFL test
(TOEFL Paper and Pencil-Based, Computer Based TOEFL, TOEFL ITP). Type
Prediction TOEFL test is generally conducted by the institute / center language
or places that hold training courses TOEFL.
Is there a difference
in the scoring system based TOEFL Paper and Pencil, Computer Based TOEFL, ITP
TOEFL and TOEFL Prediction Test?
True, rating or scoring
system used for the Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL, TOEFL ITP, TOEFL Prediction
Test and the Computer Based TOEFL is different. This is done of course with the
intention to avoid misunderstandings in the interpretation of test scores
reported by participants. The range of scores used by the Paper and
Pencil-Based TOEFL, TOEFL ITP, and TOEFL Prediction Test is 310 (lowest score)
up to 677 (highest score), whereas for the Computer Based TOEFL, the lowest
value is 0 and the highest value of 300 (TOEFL Score User Guide , 2000-2001).
About the overall level of difficulty for this type of course the same test, so
it can be said those who obtain a score of 677 on the TOEFL Paper and Pencil
Based expected to obtain a score of 300 on Computer Based TOEFL, and vice versa
if a participant obtained a score of 213 tests in the TOEFL test that uses
computer (Computer Based TOEFL), the corresponding score on the Paper and
Pencil-Based TOEFL is 550.
How is the relationship
of scores obtained by the level of one's mastery of English?
In general, we
recognize three levels of mastery of foreign languages, namely Basic Level
(Elementary), Intermediate Level (Intermediate) and Advanced (Advanced). TOEFL
score, experts typically classify the language of this score into the following
four levels (Carson, et al., 1990):
• Elementary Level
(Elementary): 310 s.d. 420
• Lower Secondary Level
(Low Intermediate): 420 sd 480
• Secondary Level (High
Intermediate): 480 sd 520
• Advanced Level
(Advanced): 525 677 s.d
From the classification
score above, may arise if the TOEFL test questions given to American students,
for example, whether they will have difficulty working on the TOEFL questions?
Studies conducted by Johnson (1977) mentions that the average scores obtained
by 173 first and second year students at the University of Tennessee, United
States, is 628. That is, for English speakers themselves, the questions TOEFL
can be done easily, as evidenced from which they obtained a score at the level
of Proficient or Advanced.
By knowing the
classification level of mastery of English, as seen above, we can certainly
understand why it seems reasonable that universities in countries that use
English as its official language, requires a certain TOEFL score for the
candidate of their international students. To be accepted in S1, they commonly
set score is approximately 475 sd 550, whereas for S2 and S3 program entry
requirements TOEFLnya scores be higher, around 550 sd 600.
Questions are often
raised in discussion forums English teachers in Indonesia is what should be the
mastery of English a student in Indonesia so they can add to scientific
knowledge through reading, written in English? Mastery at the level of Primary
(Elementary) would not contribute significantly to the students in Indonesia in
terms of efforts to increase knowledge through textbooks / written knowledge in
English. Required minimum mastery level of Senior Secondary (High Intermediate)
so the students can absorb the course material is written in English with
relative ease.
Several universities in
Indonesia has set a certain TOEFL score for its students (Huda, 1999). In connection
with efforts to improve the quality of college graduates, a regulation
requiring college students have a mastery of the TOEFL to a certain extent is
expected to have a positive impact and we should support. A good mastery of
English are expected to increase the ability to think and work on a global
level, the working conditions in the future we need to prepare from now.
When and where someone
could take the TOEFL test?
Paper and Pencil-Based
TOEFL and the Computer Based TOEFL can be taken only at a certain time that has
been scheduled long before the test was held. Place or testing center where
both tests are held also been determined by the ETS as a licensee TOEFL test.
Both kinds of TOEFL tests are held on a specific testing center tsb. also
called the International TOEFL. This is intended to distinguish between them
with ITP TOEFL and TOEFL Equivalent / Prediction.
As for the ITP TOEFL,
test participants should contact the institution that has been designated by
the IIEF Jakarta as a place of execution. For the implementation of the ITP
TOEFL is required of participants at least 10 people. Unmul Language Institute
since 2001 is one institution that has the right conduct TOEFL ITP.
Type of TOEFL test
Prediction / Equivalent is the most flexible type of test implementation. In
the Hall of Languages Unmul, this test also a test of the most widely followed
by those who want to measure mastery of English for various purposes. Every
time the test participant can take the test by contacting Hall of Languages
Unmul at least one day before the day of operation.
TOEIC
TOEIC is the acronym
for Test of Home for International Communication. TOEIC test is an English
proficiency test for people who native language is not English. TOEIC test
scores indicate how well people can communicate in English with others in the
global work environment. The test requires no specialized knowledge or
vocabulary, these tests only measure the kind of English used in everyday
activities.
TOEIC test is a
proficiency test in English that's leading the world in the context of the
global work environment. More than 4,000 companies around the world use the
TOEIC test, and more than 2 million people registered to take this test every
year.
Like what TOEIC test
format?
TOEIC test is a test of
multiple choice, paper and pencil for two hours which consists of 200 questions
divided into two parts separate times:
Part I: Listening
Comprehension
This section consists
of 100 questions and is divided into four sections. Test participants heard a
recording of statements, questions, short conversations, and a brief
explanation, then answer questions based on segments of hearing. The Listening
section takes approximately 45 minutes.
Part 1: Photographs
Part 2: Questions and
Response
Part 3: Short
Conversations
Part 4: Short Talks
20 items (4 - choice)
30 items (3-choice)
30 items (4-choice)
20 items (4-choice)
Part II: Reading
The Reading section
consists of 100 questions presented in written format in the test booklet.
Participants read various materials and answer questions based on their own
pace according to the reading material itself. Entire sections requires 75
minutes reading.
Part 5: Incomplete
Sentences 40 items (4-choice)
Part 6: Error
Recognition 20 items (4-choice)
Part 7: Reading
Comprehension 40 items (4-choice)
Participants answered
questions by marking one of the letters (A), (B), (C), (D) with a pencil on the
answer to a separate valley. Although the actual testing time is approximately
two hours of extra time it takes participants to complete the biographical
questions on the answer sheet and respond to a brief questionnaire about their
education and work history.
What are the contents
of the TOEIC test?
TOEIC test is designed
to meet the needs of the working world. Test questions are developed from
examples of spoken and written language collected from various countries around
the world where English is used in the workplace. Test questions and the
atmosphere contains many different situations, such as:
General business -
contracts, negotiations, marketing, sales, business planning, conferences.
Manufacturing - plant
management, assembly lines, pengandalian quality.
Finance and budgeting -
banking, investment, taxation, accounting, billing
Corporate development -
research, product development.
Offices - board
meetings, committees, correspondence, memoranda, telephone, fax, and messages
e-mail, equipment and office furniture, office procedures.
Personnel - receiving,
hiring, pension, salaries, promotions, job applications, advertising.
Purchasing - shopping,
ordering supplies, deliveries, invoices
Technical areas -
electronics, technology, specifications, buying and renting, electric and gas
service.
Travel - trains,
planes, taxis, buses, ships, ferries, tickets, schedules, announcements
stations and airports, car rental, hotel, reservations, delays and delays.
Dining out - business
and informal lunches, banquets, receptions, restaurant reservations.
Entertainment-movies,
theater, music, art, media
Health-medical
insurance, visiting doctors, dentists, clinics and hospitals.
Although the language
of the above scenes explores the context of the exam questions, participants
are not required to know the vocabulary of business and technical special.
TOEIC test suitable for use in all environments where English is used by native
speakers of other languages.
Who took the test?
TOEIC test takers,
including:
people who use English
in various situations of everyday work, such as commerce, hotels, hospitals,
restaurants, aircraft industry, international meetings, conventions, and
sporting activities
managerial employees,
sales, technical and international business, commerce, and industry where
English proficiency is required
people professional
training will be conducted in English.
people who want to have
a measurement of English proficiency that is recognized internationally for a
resume or curriculum vitae.
Who uses the TOEIC test
and how tests were used?
Organisations
TOEIC test has become
an international standard for many organizations around the world who want to
evaluate the English proficiency of prospective workers or permanent employees.
-Use the appropriate
use of TOEIC test within organizations including:
Acceptance, promotion,
and placement of employees - Organizations may use the TOEIC test to determine
a score standards, or benchmarks, which is based on levels of English needed to
carry out certain responsibilities. Benchmarks are then used in making
personnel decisions.
Technical training -
TOEIC test scores can be used to determine whether a person has adequate
English proficiency to follow or get the benefits of training are conducted in
English.
The tasks abroad -
TOEIC test scores to indicate whether an employee will be able to work and
interact successfully if assigned to an English speaking country.
Language training -
TOEIC test scores can be used to identify employees who need English language
training at a higher level, to set goals for their learning, and to check their
progress.
Intensive English
Program, English Language Program managers found that the TOEIC test is a very
good placement tool and a valuable measuring tool after training.
School-Many
Universities and institutions of higher education requires that students take
the TOEIC test before graduation.
Who developed the TOEIC
test?
Educational Test
Service ® (ETS ®), an organization that dedicates itself to educational
measurement and research in educational policy and psychometrics, designing and
creating TOIC tests in 1979 on request Japanese business leaders. Over the
years, the TOEIC test adopted by many other countries and is fast becoming the
global standard for the determination of English proficiency in the context of
related work.
Who makes the TOEIC
test?
The Chauncey Group
International Ltd.., A subsidiary of ETS, to develop and publish the TOEIC
test. The Chauncey Group International is a testing company that specializes in
professional licensing exams and certification of skills and advancement in the
workplace. The Chauncey Group International Headquarters is located in Princeton,
New Jersey, USA; its European office (Chauncey Group Europe SA) was in Paris,
France.
What is the difference
between TOEIC and TOEFL test?
TOEIC and TOEFL test
was developed to serve different purposes. Therefore, the design, content,
context and scope of proficiency that each measured by each test is also
different. TOEFL test was created by the Educational Testing Service for
foreign students who wish to enter colleges and universities in North America.
The student who plans to take the title of stratum 1 or stratum 2 in North
America will try to take the TOEFL test. Organizations that require English
proficiency for employees and individuals who want to demonstrate their ability
items can English in the workplace would prefer to use the TOEIC test
How is the TOEIC test
graded?
Each candidate uses a
pencil to mark answers on the answer sheet. Scores are determined by the number
of questions answered correctly. The number of correct responses on the
Listening Comprehension and Reading Sections (Listening and Reading
Comprehension sections) is converted into a number on a scale from 5 to 495. By
adding these two sections, it will obtain a total score based on a scale that
ranged from 10 to 990. There is no reduction for the wrong answer.
What does the TOEIC
test score?
When you register for
the TOEIC test, you will receive a TOEIC Examinee Handbook. This handbook
provides information on the TOEIC test score and how scores are used in various
international settings.
How do I register to
take the TOEIC test or obtain infomrasi about taking tests?
TOEIC test is available
worldwide. TOEIC testing most often arranged through corporations or other
organsisasi ask employees or job applicants to take the TOEIC test. If testing
has not been provided by your organization, please contact your local TOEIC
representative to find out when and where you can take the test.